Nyeri lutut adalah salah satu keluhan yang paling sering kami tangani. Penyebabnya banyak, tetapi dua yang paling sering adalah nyeri lutut depan (patellofemoral pain) dan pengapuran lutut (osteoartritis). Keduanya sama-sama paling baik ditangani dengan latihan.
1. Nyeri Lutut Depan (Patellofemoral Pain)
Nyeri di sekitar atau di belakang tempurung lutut.
Bertambah saat naik-turun tangga, jongkok, berlari, atau setelah lama duduk dengan lutut ditekuk.
Sering dialami remaja dan dewasa muda yang aktif, terutama pelari.
Penanganan: latihan adalah penanganan utama. Kombinasi latihan pinggul dan lutut dianjurkan dibanding latihan lutut saja. Insole (foot orthoses) dapat membantu mengurangi nyeri jangka pendek.
2. Pengapuran Lutut (Osteoartritis)
Nyeri lutut yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas, biasanya pada usia 45 tahun ke atas.
Kaku di pagi hari yang berlangsung singkat, biasanya kurang dari 30 menit.
Dapat didiagnosis secara klinis tanpa harus rontgen bila gejalanya khas.
Penanganan: latihan terapi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan adalah penanganan inti. Bila berat badan berlebih, penurunan berat badan berapa pun jumlahnya kemungkinan bermanfaat. Terapi manual dapat dipertimbangkan, tetapi hanya sebagai pelengkap latihan.
Periksakan ke dokter bila
Lutut bengkak, merah, dan panas, apalagi disertai demam.
Nyeri muncul setelah jatuh atau cedera dan lutut tidak bisa menahan beban.
Lutut terkunci, tidak bisa diluruskan, atau sering "lepas".
Betis bengkak, nyeri, dan hangat. Kondisi ini perlu diperiksa segera.
Peran Fisioterapi
Pemeriksaan untuk membedakan penyebab nyeri lutut dan menyingkirkan kondisi yang perlu dirujuk.
Program penguatan otot paha, pinggul, dan betis yang bertahap.
Edukasi pengaturan beban aktivitas, misalnya mengatur volume lari atau tangga, tanpa harus berhenti total bergerak.
Home program dan re-assessment berkala.
Yang Bisa Dilakukan Sekarang
Tetap aktif. Pilih aktivitas yang nyerinya masih dapat ditoleransi, seperti bersepeda statis atau berjalan.
Kurangi sementara aktivitas yang paling memicu nyeri, lalu tingkatkan lagi bertahap.
Gunakan obat pereda nyeri sesuai anjuran dokter atau apoteker.
Knee pain is one of the complaints we see most often. There are many causes, but two of the most common are front-of-knee pain (patellofemoral pain) and knee osteoarthritis. Both are best managed with exercise.
1. Front-of-Knee Pain (Patellofemoral Pain)
Pain around or behind the kneecap.
Worse on stairs, when squatting, running, or after sitting for a long time with the knees bent.
Common in active teenagers and young adults, especially runners.
Treatment: exercise is the main treatment. Combining hip and knee exercises is recommended over knee exercises alone. Foot orthoses can help reduce pain in the short term.
2. Knee Osteoarthritis
Activity-related knee pain, usually in people aged 45 and over.
Short-lived morning stiffness, usually under 30 minutes.
It can be diagnosed clinically without an X-ray when symptoms are typical.
Treatment: therapeutic exercise tailored to your needs is the core treatment. If you are overweight, any amount of weight loss is likely to help. Manual therapy may be considered, but only alongside exercise.
See a doctor if
The knee is swollen, red and hot, especially with a fever.
Pain started after a fall or injury and the knee cannot take weight.
The knee locks, cannot straighten, or often gives way.
Your calf is swollen, painful and warm. This needs prompt checking.
The Role of Physiotherapy
Assessment to identify the cause of knee pain and rule out conditions that need referral.
Progressive strengthening for the thigh, hip and calf muscles.
Advice on managing activity load, such as running volume or stairs, without stopping movement altogether.
A home programme and regular re-assessment.
What You Can Do Now
Stay active. Choose activities with tolerable pain, such as stationary cycling or walking.
Temporarily reduce the activities that trigger the most pain, then build back up gradually.
Use pain relief as advised by your doctor or pharmacist.
ReferensiReferences
- Crossley K, van Middelkoop M, Callaghan MJ, Collins N, Rathleff M, Barton CJ. 2016 Patellofemoral pain consensus statement from the 4th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Manchester. Part 2: recommended physical interventions. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(14):844-52. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096268 DOI ↗
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management (NG226). London: NICE; 2022. NICE ↗
Nyeri lutut mengganggu aktivitas?Knee pain getting in the way?
Penyebab nyeri lutut perlu dipastikan lewat pemeriksaan. Fisioterapis kami akan menyusun program latihan yang sesuai dengan kondisi Anda.The cause of knee pain needs to be confirmed by assessment. Our physiotherapists will build an exercise programme that suits you.
Setiap program diawali pemeriksaan. Jenis terapi ditentukan fisioterapis sesuai kondisi Anda.Every program starts with an assessment. The type of therapy is decided by the physiotherapist based on your condition.Artikel ini bersifat edukasi dan tidak menggantikan pemeriksaan langsung oleh tenaga kesehatan. Bila keluhan berat, memburuk, atau disertai gejala lain, segera periksakan diri.This article is for education and does not replace an in-person assessment by a health professional. If your symptoms are severe, getting worse or accompanied by other symptoms, seek care promptly.